Xiang Fu (Cyperi Rhizoma, Nutgrass Rhizome) is one of the most essential herbs in Traditional Chinese Medicine for regulating Qi, especially Liver Qi constraint, a core pathological mechanism behind many modern disorders such as menstrual irregularities, dysmenorrhea, functional digestive discomfort, stress-related headaches, and emotional tension. In classical TCM theory, Xiang Fu belongs to the category of Qi-regulating herbs, entering the Liver and San Jiao channels. Its primary function is to restore the free flow of Qi, harmonizing the Liver–Spleen–Stomach axis and alleviating pain, distension, and functional disharmony caused by Qi stagnation. Clinically, Xiang Fu is best known for gynecological applications, including irregular menstruation, premenstrual syndrome, breast distension, and abdominal pain associated with constrained Liver Qi. It is also widely used for epigastric fullness, poor appetite, nausea, and stress-induced digestive disorders, where emotional factors impair normal Qi movement. Appropriate candidates for Xiang Fu are individuals presenting signs of Liver Qi stagnation: emotional irritability, chest or hypochondriac tightness, cyclic pain, stress-related insomnia, and tension-type headaches (especially vertex headaches). Important cautions: Xiang Fu should be used carefully or avoided in cases of Qi deficiency without stagnation, Yin deficiency with Blood Heat, excessive uterine bleeding due to deficiency, and during pregnancy, unless prescribed by a qualified TCM practitioner. For optimal results, Xiang Fu should be selected and combined based on pattern differentiation, not used symptomatically without a clear TCM diagnosis
